Operators in Python - PostNetwork Academy

Operators in python play very important role to compute mathematical, relational or logical expression. Operators in Python are tokens and when they apply on variables they provoke some computation.

I-Unary Operators-

These operators require only one variable.

Examples-

+ (Unary Plus)

– (Unary Minus)

not ( Negation)

~ ( Bit-wise Negation)

II-Binary Operators-

Binary operators in Python require two operands to perform computation.

1-Arithmetic Operators-

a-Addition-

+ symbol is used for addition of two numbers.
For example
a=6
b=5
c = a + b
print(c)

The output would be 11

b-Subtraction-

a=6
b=5
c = a – b
print(c)
The output would be 1

c-Multiplication-

a=6
b=5
c = a * b
print(c)
The output would be 30

d-Division-

a=17
b=5
c = a / b
print(c)

e-Modulus-

a=17
b=5
c = a % b
print(c)
The output would be 2

f-Exponent-

a=2
b=3
c = a ** b
print(c)
The output would be 8

g-Floor Division-

a=17
b=5
c = a / /b
print(c)

The output would be 3

2-Relational Operators-

Relational operators are used to compare two values, a relational operator returns True or False.

x=5
y=3
z = x

a-Less Than-

< symbol is used less than relational operator
x=5
y=3
z = y < x
print(z)
It would print True
because 3 < 5
See another example
x=15
y=23
z = y < x
print(z)
It would print False
because 23 < 15 is false.

b-Greater Than-

x=25
y=23
z = x > y
It would print True
print(z)

c-Less Than or Equal To-

<= symbol is used less than or equal relational operator
x=5
y=3
z = y <= x
print(z)
It would print True

d-Greater Than or Equal To-

=> symbol is used greater than or equal relational operator
x=25
y=23
z = x => y
It would print True
print(z)

e-Equal To-

== symbol is used for equal relational operator
x=25
y=23
z = x == y
print(z)
It would print False, since x is not equal to y.

See another example
x=25
y=25
z = x == y
print(z)
It would print True, since x equal to y.

f-Not Equal To-

!= symbol is used for not equal to relational operator
x=25
y=23
z = x != y
print(z)
It would print True, since x is not equal to y.

See another example
x=25
y=25
z = x != y
print(z)
It would print False, since x is equal to y.

3-Logical Operators-

Logical operators connect relational operators.

a-Logical AND

“and” is used for AND operator.
Example-
x=8
y=6
z=7
r= x > y and x > z
print(r)
The output would be True

b-Logical OR

“and” is used for AND operator.
Example-
x=8
y=6
z=7
r= x > y or x < z
print(r)
The output would be True

4-Bitwise Operators-

Bit-wise operators perform logical operations at bit level.

a-Bit-wise AND

& is used for bit-wise AND.
x=6
y=5
z= x & y
print(z)
The output would be 4
To understand see the image below

b-Bit-wise OR

| is used for bit-wise OR

x=6
y=5
z= x | y
print(z)
The output would be 7

c-Bit-wise Exclusive OR

^ is used for bit-wise EX-OR
x=6
y=5
z= x ^ y
print(z)
The output would be 3

5-Shift Operators-

Shift operators work at the bit level and shift bits specified by programmer.

a-Shift Left-

<< symbol is used for left shift operator, see an example.

x=5
y=x<<1
print(y)
The output would be 10.

See how it works
First 5 is converted into binary number which is 101
then x<<1 statement shifts one bit left and put 0 at the right place
i.e.
1010
Which is 10 in decimal
See another example
x=5
y=x<<2
print(y)
The output would be 20.
First 5 is converted into binary number which is 101
then x<<2 statement shifts two bits left and put 00 at the right place
i.e.
10100
Which is 20 in decimal.

b-Shift Right-

>> symbol is used for right shift operator, see example

x=40
y=x>>1
print(y)

The output would would be 20.

First 40 is converted into binary number which is 101000
then x>>1 statement shifts 1 bit right and put 0 at the left place
i.e.

010100
Which is 20

See the another example

x=40
y=x>>2
print(y)

The output would would be 10.

First 40 is converted into binary number which is 101000
then x>>2 statement shifts 2 bits right and put 00 at the left place
i.e.

001010
Which is 10 in decimal number system.

6-Membership Operators-

Membership operators check whether an object is in a sequence (list, tuple and set) or not.

a- in Operator-

“in” operator checks whether an object is in a sequence or not if it is in sequence expression then True will be returned.
For example see the example-
x=50
l=[20,50,70,80]
b= x in l
print(b)
It would print True

On the other hand

x=60
l=[20,50,70,80]
b= x in l
print(b)
It would print False

b- not in Operator

“not in” operator checks whether an object is in a sequence or not if it is in sequence expression then False will be returned.
x=50
l=[20,50,70,80]
b= x not in l
print(b)
It would print True

7-Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to define variables in Python.

a-Assignment

= is used to assign a number, and right side number is assigned to left side variable.
For example-
x=5 then x refers to 5

b-Assign Quotient

x/=5 it means x=x/5

c-Assign Sum

x+=5 it means x=x+5

d-Assign Product

x*=5 it means x=x*5

e-Assign Remainder

x%=5 it means x=x%5

f-Assign Difference

x-=5 it means x=x-5

g-Assign Exponent

x**=5 it means x=x**5

h-Assign Floor Division

x//=5 it means x=x//5

8-Identity Operators-

Identity operators are used to check whether two variables are referencing the same memory.

a- is Operator

“is” is used to check whether two variables are referring the same memory address.
x=5
y=5
If you check
z= x is y
print(z)
The output would be True
But if
x=int(input(“Enter a number”))
y=5
If you check
z= x is y
The output would be False

b- is not Operator

“is not” is is used to check whether two variables are not referring the same memory address.
x=5
y=5
If you check
z= x is not y
print(z)
The output would be False

Conclusion-

To sum up, I have explained about operators in Python, you should practice and apply in applications. Then you programming skills will be better.